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1. Segment
A. Divide an object into independent parts.
B. Make an object easy to assemble or disassemble.
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
1 13 1 18 1 27 1 32 2 4 2 13 2 20 2 29 2 31 2 32 2 33 2 36 2 39 3 11 3 12 3 13 3 21 3 24 3 30 3 32
3 34 3 35 3 36 3 37 4 11 4 16 4 30 4 35 4 36 5 30 5 32 5 34 5 36 6 10 6 31 6 36 7 3 7 5 7 12 7 13
7 27 7 31 7 32 7 36 8 34 8 36 9 13 9 28 9 30 9 32 10 1 10 2 10 6 10 20 10 30 10 32 10 33 10 34 11 4 11 32
11 36 12 13 12 28 12 30 12 31 12 32 12 34 12 35 12 36 12 38 13 2 13 3 13 12 13 17 13 38 14 1 14 2 14 3 14 30 15 32
15 35 16 4 16 30 16 33 16 34 16 38 17 13 18 1 18 19 18 20 18 22 18 23 18 24 18 25 18 26 18 35 19 28 19 30 19 34 20 32
20 39 21 3 22 18 22 33 23 7 23 18 23 31 24 3 24 30 25 18 25 20 25 34 26 32 27 12 27 29 27 34 27 36 27 39 28 18 28 27
28 33 28 34 29 27 29 33 30 3 30 4 30 5 30 12 30 14 30 16 30 18 30 19 31 2 31 6 31 10 31 12 31 23 31 25 31 26 31 36
31 37 32 2 32 3 32 5 32 7 32 9 32 11 32 12 32 13 32 14 32 15 32 18 32 19 32 20 32 21 32 26 32 28 32 34 32 36 32 37
32 38 32 39 33 2 33 3 33 5 33 7 33 16 33 18 33 19 33 29 33 34 33 35 33 38 33 39 34 3 34 8 34 10 34 12 34 14 34 16
34 18 34 19 34 22 34 25 34 27 34 32 34 33 34 35 34 36 34 39 35 1 35 3 35 4 35 12 35 15 35 18 35 21 35 22 35 28 35 32
35 33 35 34 35 37 36 3 36 5 36 8 36 11 36 27 36 31 36 32 36 34 36 38 37 2 37 7 37 12 37 21 37 23 37 35 38 12 38 13
38 32 38 33 38 34 38 35 39 18 39 20 39 27 39 28 39 29 39 33 39 34 39 35
2. Take Out
A. Separate an interfering part or property from an object, or single out the only necessary part (or property) of an object.
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
1 7 1 9 1 22 1 33 1 34 2 6 2 8 2 14
2 16 2 30 2 34 2 38 3 22 3 25 4 8 4 29 4 33 5 1 5 10 5 13 5 17 5 23 5 29 5 31 5 37 5 39 6 2 6 13
6 16 6 26 6 29 6 30 6 37 7 1 7 18 7 24 7 25 7 29 7 31 7 39 8 4 8 10 8 12 8 27 8 37 8 39 9 1 9 17
9 21 9 31 9 34 10 8 10 15 10 38 11 13 11 17 11 22 11 30 11 31 11 34 11 37 12 8 12 19 12 21 12 30 12 34 13 1 13 5
13 11 13 22 13 23 13 34 13 35 13 36 14 31 14 33 14 36 15 3 15 7 15 10 15 18 15 27 16 35 17 9 17 11 17 21 17 30 17 31
17 35 17 36 17 38 18 2 18 7 18 15 18 38 18 39 19 10 19 12 19 18 19 31 19 36 19 38 20 18 20 30 21 9 21 10 21 12 21 17
21 28 21 29 21 30 21 31 21 34 21 38 22 3 22 13 22 23 22 30 22 31 22 34 22 38 23 5 23 13 23 22 23 33 23 34 23 35 24 8
25 3 25 7 26 6 26 13 26 28 26 34 27 8 27 15 27 30 27 31 28 10 28 26 28 35 28 38 29 4 29 6 29 7 29 19 29 21 29 22
29 36 30 2 30 6 30 11 30 17 30 20 30 21 30 22 30 24 30 27 30 32 30 33 30 34 31 5 31 7 31 11 31 14 31 17 31 19 31 21
31 22 31 27 31 37 31 38 32 30 32 33 32 35 33 1 33 11 33 21 33 22 33 23 33 28 33 30 33 32 34 1 34 2 34 7 34 12 34 13
34 14 34 21 34 23 34 26 34 28 34 30 35 3 35 16 35 17 35 23 36 2 36 13 36 14 36 17 36 19 36 22 36 28 37 5 37 6 37 8
37 18 37 31 37 33 38 10 38 17 38 19 38 21 38 30 38 31 39 7 39 8 39 15 39 32 39 37
3. Local Quality
A. Change an objects structure from uniform to non-uniform
B. Change an external environment (or external influence) from uniform to non-uniform.
C. Make each part of an object function in conditions most suitable for its operation.
D. Make each part of an object fulfill a different and/or complementary useful function.
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
1 23 1 26 1 27 1 33 1 39 2 27
4 17 4 18 4 28 4 34 5 14 5 15 5 28 6 28 8 26 9 14 9 15 9 37 10 27 10 31 10 33 10 39 11 14 11 15 11 23 11 29
12 2 12 23 13 16 13 18 13 39 14 5 14 10 14 11 14 15 14 25 14 27 14 28 14 29 14 32 14 34 14 35 14 37 15 5 15 9 15 11
15 13 15 14 15 23 15 26 15 28 15 29 16 13 16 26 17 5 17 10 17 19 17 26 17 27 17 37 18 13 18 29 19 17 19 28 20 26 22 21
22 37 23 8 23 11 23 12 23 15 23 26 25 13 25 14 26 10 26 11 26 15 26 16 26 17 26 20 26 23 26 27 26 31 26 35 26 36 26 37
26 39 27 1 27 2 27 7 27 10 27 15 27 17 27 26 27 28 28 4 28 5 28 6 28 19 28 21 28 31 29 11 29 14 29 15 29 18 30 12
30 38 31 9 31 26 31 28 32 14 33 14 33 15 33 38 34 4 35 14 35 17 35 26 36 26 37 9 37 14 37 17 37 22 37 26 38 33 39 2
39 13
4. Asymmetry
A. Change the shape or properties of an object from symmetrical to asymmetrical.
B. Change the shape of an object to suit external asymmetries (e.g. ergonomic features)
C. If an object is asymmetrical, increase its degree of asymmetry.
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
1 17 3 5 3 7 3 9 3 10 3 23 3 28 3 33 3 39 5 1 5 3 5 7 5 9 5 12 5 25 6 25 6 26 6 27 6 33
7 3 7 5 7 9 7 12 7 15 7 37 8 17 8 31 9 36 11 12 11 25 12 3 12 5 12 7 12 13 12 21 13 12 13 20 15 18 15 32
15 36 17 8 17 34 20 13 20 32 21 26 25 5 25 6 25 11 25 12 25 27 25 32 25 33 26 6 27 3 27 6 27 25 29 31 30 3 31 8
31 29 32 15 32 20 32 25 33 8 33 24 33 25 34 12 34 17 34 35 35 34 36 15 37 7 37 9 38 35 39 3
5. Merge
A. Bring closer together (or merge) identical or similar objects or operations in space
B. Make objects or operations contiguous or parallel; bring them together in time.
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
1 15 1 23 1 35 2 8
2 23 5 12 9 15 10 23 12 3 12 5 12 23 15 1 15 9 19 14 19 23 23 12 23 19 24 2 25 2 25 4 25 5 25 7 25 10 25 13
25 22 28 3 28 27 32 33 33 32 35 28 37 32 37 33 38 23 38 39 39 38
6. Universal
A. Make a part or object perform multiple functions; eliminate the need for other parts.
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
1 17 1 22 2 16 2 26 2 33 4 22 5 15 5 26 7 11
7 15 7 21 7 25 7 39 8 17 8 21 9 11 11 7 11 9 11 28 12 19 12 21 13 22 15 19 15 38 16 2 16 27 16 37 17 1 17 8
18 10 18 15 18 22 18 24 18 36 19 15 19 21 19 30 19 31 20 2 20 39 21 7 21 8 21 18 21 19 21 25 22 1 22 2 22 3 22 4
22 13 23 1 23 2 23 18 23 26 25 21 25 36 26 1 26 23 27 16 28 7 28 11 28 12 28 14 28 15 28 17 28 18 28 19 28 21 28 26
28 32 30 19 31 19 32 37 33 2 35 1 35 14 35 18 35 39 36 6 36 7 36 25 37 2 37 16 38 15 39 7
7. Nested Doll
A. Place one object inside another
B. Place multiple objects inside others.
C. Make one part pass (dynamically) through a cavity in the other.
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
3 7 3 22 4 6 4 12
4 39 5 7 6 4 6 22 6 39 7 3 7 5 7 14 7 22 7 26 8 12 9 7 12 4 12 8 14 7 22 3 22 4 22 6 22 7 22 8
22 17 22 25 22 26 22 36 26 22 34 35 34 38 35 5 35 34 39 4 39 6 39 33
8. Counterweight
A. To compensate for the weight of an object, merge it with other objects that provide lift.
B. To compensate for the weight of an object, make it interact with the environment (e.g. use aerodynamic, hydrodynamic, buoyancy and other forces).
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
1 3 1 9 1 10 1 35 2 10 2 23 2 27 3 1
3 9 3 11 3 12 3 13 3 14 3 19 4 8 4 21 7 21 8 4 9 3 9 14 9 19 9 32 10 1 10 23 12 1 13 38 14 1 14 3
14 9 19 9 21 1 26 38 27 1 27 2 27 10 27 35 32 9 32 38 33 15 33 27 35 1 35 12 35 27 37 27 38 18
9. Prior Counteraction
A. If it will be necessary to perform an action with both harmful and useful effects, this action should be replaced with anti-actions to control harmful effects.
B. Create beforehand stresses in an object that will oppose known undesirable working stresses later on.
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
2 32 5 27 6 4
7 14 8 14 10 3 10 7 11 14 12 15 13 14 14 6 14 8 15 3 17 3 17 4 19 14 20 2 22 2 27 3 29 2 32 34 34 9 34 14
36 33 37 25 38 15
10. Prior Action
A. Perform, before it is needed, the required change of an object (either fully or partially).
B. Pre-arrange objects such that they can come into action from the most convenient place and without losing time for their delivery.
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
1 10 1 11 1 12 1 24 1 25 2 4 2 10 2 11 2 12 2 14 2 24 2 25 2 27 2 29 2 36 3 10 3 12
3 17 3 23 3 27 3 29 3 34 4 6 4 10 4 16 4 23 4 29 5 11 5 21 5 23 5 34 5 39 6 11 6 16 6 23 6 25 6 39
7 13 7 17 7 18 7 23 7 25 7 34 7 39 8 2 8 23 8 29 8 39 9 18 9 23 9 26 9 29 9 35 9 36 9 38 10 4 10 5
10 12 10 13 10 14 10 17 10 19 10 25 10 28 10 36 10 37 11 1 11 2 11 3 11 5 11 6 11 7 11 12 11 19 11 21 11 23 11 26
11 27 11 39 12 1 12 2 12 4 12 5 12 10 12 11 12 14 12 25 12 27 12 39 13 7 13 10 13 15 13 34 14 7 14 10 14 11 14 12
14 17 14 19 14 21 14 25 14 26 14 32 14 39 15 7 15 14 15 21 15 24 15 25 15 26 15 34 15 36 15 38 16 24 16 25 16 28 16 32
16 39 17 10 17 14 17 27 17 34 18 7 18 9 18 38 20 27 20 30 21 3 21 11 21 14 21 15 21 22 21 24 21 25 21 32 21 33 21 34
22 24 22 25 22 27 22 39 23 3 23 4 23 5 23 6 23 9 23 11 23 25 23 26 23 27 23 29 23 31 23 35 23 36 23 37 23 38 23 39
24 1 24 2 24 15 24 16 24 21 24 22 24 27 24 30 24 31 25 1 25 2 25 6 25 7 25 10 25 12 25 15 25 16 25 21 25 22 25 23
25 27 25 33 25 34 25 37 26 11 26 14 26 15 26 23 26 33 26 34 26 36 27 1 27 2 27 5 27 7 27 10 27 11 27 17 27 22 27 23
27 24 27 25 28 16 28 23 28 31 28 36 28 38 28 39 29 3 29 4 29 8 29 9 29 23 29 30 29 34 29 39 30 20 30 24 30 29 30 34
31 23 31 24 32 14 32 39 33 21 33 24 33 25 34 3 34 10 34 17 34 21 34 25 34 26 34 27 34 28 34 29 34 30 34 32 34 39 35 9
35 23 35 28 36 9 36 15 36 22 36 23 36 26 36 28 36 37 37 21 37 23 37 36 38 2 38 9 38 23 38 28 38 36 39 5 39 6 39 7
39 8 39 10 39 11 39 12 39 14 39 15 39 16 39 17 39 19 39 21 39 22 39 23 39 27 39 28 39 29 39 33 39 34
11. Cushion
A. Prepare emergency means beforehand to compensate for the relatively low reliability of an object
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
1 27 1 34 2 34
5 13 7 27 9 27 10 11 10 34 11 33 13 5 14 27 14 32 14 34 15 27 18 28 19 27 22 27 27 4 27 9 27 12 27 14 27 18 27 19
27 21 27 22 27 28 27 29 27 34 27 38 28 27 28 34 29 27 30 35 32 13 32 34 32 37 34 1 34 2 34 7 34 10 34 14 34 15 34 27
34 32 34 36 35 30 37 13 37 32 38 27
12. Remove Tension
A. If an object has to be raised or lowered, redesign the object’s environment so the need to raise or lower is eliminated or performed by the environment
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
1 19 1 21 4 21 7 33 9 33 10 7 10 9 15 33 19 1 19 3 19 12 19 22 19 39 23 20
32 5 32 10 32 21 32 28 33 3 33 11 33 26 33 32 33 34 33 36 33 38 34 33 36 39 37 34 38 33 38 39 39 36 39 38
13. Other Way Round
A. Invert the action(s) used to solve the problem (e.g. instead of cooling an object, heat it).
B. Make movable parts (or the external environment) fixed, and fixed parts movable).
C. Turn the object (or process) "upside down".
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
2 6 2 11
2 12 2 23 2 33 3 9 4 12 5 13 5 18 5 26 5 32 5 33 5 34 5 36 7 18 7 21 7 22 7 33 9 1 9 3 9 10 9 18
9 23 9 24 9 32 9 33 10 2 10 9 10 27 10 31 11 2 11 27 12 4 12 18 12 34 12 37 13 3 13 5 13 15 13 19 13 28 14 9
14 13 14 36 15 13 15 27 15 35 17 15 18 7 18 9 18 22 18 23 18 34 18 36 19 7 19 13 19 35 21 6 22 3 22 18 23 9 23 18
23 37 24 39 26 28 26 36 26 39 27 18 27 35 27 36 27 38 28 7 28 9 28 13 28 33 28 34 28 35 29 1 29 22 30 2 30 10 30 18
30 39 32 2 32 3 32 5 32 7 32 9 32 12 32 13 32 33 32 35 33 1 33 2 33 3 33 5 33 9 33 10 33 17 33 18 33 19 33 22
33 28 34 5 34 11 34 12 34 18 34 28 34 36 34 38 35 15 35 19 35 23 35 27 35 32 36 5 36 12 36 14 36 17 36 18 36 22 36 26
36 27 36 32 36 34 37 1 37 2 37 5 37 12 38 3 38 5 38 7 38 11 38 12 38 14 38 19 38 26 38 32 38 34 39 24 39 30
14. Curve
A. Instead of using rectilinear parts, surfaces, or forms, use curvilinear ones; move from flat surfaces to spherical ones;
B. Use rollers, balls, spirals, domes.
C. Go from linear to rotary motion (or vice versa)
D. Use centrifugal forces.
This principle can solve the following contradictions according to the classical Contradiction Matrix.
1 12
2 8 2 12 3 27 3 35 3 39 4 8 4 11 4 12 4 14 4 25 4 39 5 3 5 7 5 14 5 36 5 38 6 2 6 23 7 14 7 27
8 2 8 3 8 4 8 14 9 3 9 14 9 22 10 14 10 22 10 26 11 4 11